Belize has a rich and diverse history shaped by various cultures and influences. The region was originally inhabited by the Maya civilization, which thrived from around 1500 B.C.E to the 9th century CE. The Maya built impressive cities such as Caracol, Xunantunich and Lamanai. Their legacy is still evident in the sites scattered throughout the country.

European contact began in 1502 when Spanish explorers arrived. However, the dense forests and fierce resistance from the Maya limited Spanish colonization. In 1638, English and Scottish settlers, known as Baymen, established a presence along the coast — engaging in logwood cutting and later mahogany extraction.

Throughout the 18th century, the British and Spanish vied for control over the territory. The pivotal Battle of St. George’s Caye in 1798 saw the Baymen successfully repel a Spanish invasion, solidifying British influence in the area. In 1862, Belize became a British colony known as British Honduras.

Belize experienced significant social and economic changes in the 20th century, including the gradual shift towards self-governance. In January 1964, British Honduras was granted full self-government, and on June 1, 1973 the name was officially changed to Belize. Full independence was achieved on September 21, 1981, though the country retains its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.